If I compile xf86-input-joystick-1.5.0 with 

./configure --prefix=/usr 

it fails with multiple cannot find this or that... but if I compile it with

CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include/ -I/usr/include/xorg/ -I/usr/include/pixman-1/" ./configure --prefix=/usr

then it works great.

So my question is why isn't gcc finding the necessary .h files unless I tell it to include the directories within the /usr/include directory?